Reports
• The elections in the province of Buenos Aires dealt a severe blow to the government. Assets suffered sharp declines, and the exchange rate rose again. Although Kirchnerism is traditionally strong in Buenos Aires, the large margin of victory suggests growing dissatisfaction with the current political direction. It can also be interpreted as a sign that Kirchnerism remains a competitive force.
Yesterday’s elections in the province of Buenos Aires resulted in a resounding victory for Fuerza Patria (Kirchnerism), which defeated La Libertad Avanza by more than 13 percentage points. Although Peronism was expected to perform well, the outcome was far from what the polls had predicted.
Traspié electoral para el gobierno. El oficialismo sufrió una dura derrota en las elecciones de la provincia de Buenos Aires, donde perdió por 13 puntos. No parece que este resultado sea un predictor de lo que ocurra en octubre porque era una elección local en una provincia donde el peronismo es fuerte. Pero el mensaje es contundente: parte de la población no está conforme con el rumbo económico y político del gobierno y siente la pérdida de poder adquisitivo. Además, el audiogate sin duda afectó el porcentaje de ausentismo, lo que terminó perjudicando a LLA.
El Tesoro saca toda la artillería para frenar el dólar. El Tesoro anunció que va a utilizar sus dólares para intervenir en el mercado de cambios. El anuncio tomó al mercado por sorpresa e indica que está dispuesto a utilizar todas las balas que tiene a disposición. El argumento de que el objetivo es “contribuir a la liquidez y al normal funcionamiento del mercado” no es muy convincente y parece la nueva excusa para intervenir. Habrá que ver si con el nuevo poder de fuego (unos 1,700 millones de dólares) convence al mercado de que el tipo de cambio se va a mantener estable hasta las elecciones o si, por el contrario, la lectura es que el gobierno no le encuentra la vuelta para controlarlo, y termina teniendo un efecto boomerang.
Argentina has fully entered election mode and, as usual, politics is shaping the economy. But it’s not just about politics: President Milei’s government is dealing with a broader mix that includes a corruption scandal within his inner circle, defeats in Congress, and unforced errors in economic policy. All this is unfolding in a context of growing pressure on the exchange rate, sky-high interest rates, and a recovery that is beginning to lose steam.
We are now in election mode, and the campaign is heating up. The government is under scrutiny about a corruption scandal that involves close advisors to Karina Milei (namely “Lule” Menem). It is also under pressure in Congress as it lost crucial votes that reversed executive orders while Milei’s veto to stop increases in expenditures for persons with disabilities was turned down. To make things worse, there has been more pressure on the exchange rate despite a drastic increase in interest rates and a deterioration in the country risk that complicates access to external financing.
Inestabilidad política en aumento. Al ruido en el congreso, donde el gobierno acumula una serie de derrotas legislativas en los últimos meses (al contrario de lo que ocurría el año pasado) y donde se lo ve cada vez más aislado, se sumó el escándalo de corrupción que involucraría a funcionarios cercanos a Karina Milei. No creemos que tenga demasiado impacto en términos de votos, pero sí hubo un cambio en el humor del mercado que podría terminar afectando otras variables. En apenas 10 días se celebran las elecciones en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, que el mercado leerá como una suerte de “mini-PASO”. Esperamos una marcada volatilidad.
Another turbulent week has passed in Argentina. There are two months left until the general elections, and just two weeks until the Buenos Aires provincial elections. Until then, noise and volatility will likely remain the main characters. Politics is playing its game, but on the economic front the field has also been muddied.
Caos en la política monetaria. A esta altura no quedan dudas de que el esquema posterior al fin de las Lefis no está funcionando. Las idas y vueltas con los encajes, las licitaciones sorpresa y las intervenciones ad hoc en el mercado de pesos no hacen más que erosionar la credibilidad del programa y sumar volatilidad. Seguimos convencidos de que la mejor salida sería implementar un corredor de pases que devuelva estabilidad al mercado, pero el Gobierno insiste en soluciones alternativas que no terminan de resolver el problema. La volatilidad, por ahora, se mantiene.
Argentina is managing to bring inflation down, but only through a monetary squeeze whose sustainability is highly uncertain. Last week once again highlighted the erratic and opaque management of monetary policy. In theory, the Central Bank follows a quarterly target for monetary aggregates (transactional private M2). In practice, however, policy has been discretionary, with the sole aim of keeping both the exchange rate and inflation under control.
Un poco de pax cambiaria. Después de subir abruptamente la semana pasada, el tipo de cambio se estabilizó en un nuevo nivel cerca de los 1,340 pesos. Lo que preocupó no fue el nivel que alcanzó, sino la velocidad de la suba. De hecho, en buena parte de julio había escalado casi 9% de manera gradual, sin impacto relevante en precios ni en los bonos hard dollar. Desde nuestra perspectiva, este nuevo nivel luce más razonable para una economía como la argentina, y debería mantenerse calmado en el corto plazo.
Everyone says that after the elections, “structural reforms” will arrive. The government repeats it, the market expects it, and the IMF demands it. But if you ask what concrete measures are actually being considered, the answers are vague and generic. It seems there has been more progress on tax reform, some ideas on pension reform, and very little clarity regarding labor reform.
The IMF program and the new exchange rate band scheme have been in place for almost three months without any major surprises, although there has been greater volatility in the exchange rate and interest rates. The BCRA began to intervene in the futures market and the Treasury is now making purchases in the spot market. After July’s rise, we believe that August will be a quieter month in terms of exchange rates.
Last week was likely one of the most difficult ones for the government. The exchange rate took the spotlight again with a sharp jump, showing that the idea of the dollar slowly moving to the lower end of the band was just an illusion. The new level isn’t alarming, but the sudden move created concern, especially because it came after a month of more gradual increases — nearly 9% in total. In any case, the situation is not out of control and should stabilize soon around the new level.
The electoral process is starting to affect the overall political and economic climate. Nothing major yet just some mild turbulence, as the opposition begins to take advantage of the situation to negotiate financial resources for the provinces. Congress has been the sounding board for this new dynamic, passing a law to increase pensions and other expenditures, while it is still discussing another law that would boost transfers to the provinces. The total cost of these measures is estimated to be around 1.3% of GDP.
Sigue la presión cambiaria. Pese a las tasas altas y la intervención en futuros, el dólar sigue subiendo. En julio pasó de la zona de $1,200 a $1,300, una suba del 9%. Es sintomática esta suba del dólar porque el gobierno está utilizando tasas de interés de corto plazo elevadas e intervención en el mercado de futuros para contenerlo, pero por ahora no está dando resultados. La buena noticia: desde que el dólar flota, el tipo de cambio real mejoró cerca de un 20%.
In recent days, short-term interest rate volatility has surged. Market rates swung between 18% and 70% in a short period, surprising markets and generating noise in the financial system. This was largely due to changes in monetary policy by the Central Bank, which removed key mechanisms for managing liquidity—tools that most central banks routinely use.
Tasas altas y volátiles. Tras la licitación de la semana pasada, en la que el Tesoro absorbió alrededor de $4.7 billones, las tasas de corto plazo se mantuvieron en niveles muy elevados y con alta volatilidad, arrastrando al resto de la curva. Se notó la falta de una ventanilla overnight, como existe en casi todos los países del mundo, que les permite a los bancos manejar su liquidez diaria. Hasta que este problema se corrija de alguna manera ingeniosa, la volatilidad seguirá. Aunque pensamos que al final prevalecerá el pragmatismo, porque la situación actual genera incertidumbre y atenta contra el crecimiento del crédito.
Monetary policy has been the weakest link in an otherwise orthodox and solid economic program. Over the past twenty months, there have been many back-and-forths. One clear example was when authorities claimed that there was no more money printing because the broad monetary base wasn’t growing. In reality, the traditional monetary base—the one that actually matters—was increasing steadily, and money was being printed. In fact, this was driving credit growth and the remonetization of the economy.
Una transición algo desordenada. Como anticipábamos, tras el fin del esquema de Lefis, los bancos quedaron con un exceso de liquidez, lo que llevó a que las tasas de corto plazo se desplomen y el dólar se escape. El Tesoro tuvo que salir con una nueva licitación de Lecaps para absorber pesos, ofreciendo rendimientos muy por encima de los del mercado. Al mismo tiempo, el Banco Central reintrodujo pases y volvió a intervenir en el mercado secundario de bonos para sostener las tasas. Todo esto generó mucha volatilidad, con tasas que pasaron de menos de 20% a 40%. Esperamos que los rendimientos se mantengan elevados.
The second half of the year kicked off with tension for the government. On the economic front, it’s a time filled with challenges. First, the exchange rate is back in the spotlight, adjusting to higher levels as the soy harvest winds down and the incentive to export driven by lower export taxes fades, and the electoral uncertainty rises. Second, the recovery in economic activity is showing signs of fatigue. And third, disinflation is facing growing resistance.
The IMF program and the new exchange rate band system have been in place for nearly three months without any major disruptions. Maintaining some foreign exchange restrictions on companies has helped, while the Central Bank has also begun intervening in the futures market.
Semana de transición en la política monetaria. El jueves 10, el Banco Central dejará de ofrecer a los bancos la posibilidad de suscribir Lefis, lo que ya comenzó a generar una migración de esos fondos hacia Lecaps. Esto se reflejó en la licitación del Tesoro del lunes, donde se adjudicaron unos AR$ 5.6 billones netos. Estimamos que los bancos aún conservan cerca de AR$ 10 billones en Lefis, que deberán redistribuirse entre encajes y otros instrumentos de corto plazo, lo que podría presionar las tasas a la baja como en la última semana.
The IMF program has placed the need to accumulate reserves at the center of the economic agenda. Alarm bells rang when INDEC reported that Argentina posted a current account deficit of more than USD 5 billion in the first quarter. This means that imports of goods and services, tourism expenses, interest payments, profit remittances, and other transfers abroad significantly exceeded exports of goods and services. This deficit is concerning because, unless it is reversed, it will likely be difficult to accumulate reserves or maintain exchange rate stability.
There is increasing evidence that after an initial period in which the government was very successful in getting the economy out of intensive care, the program is now entering a new phase, which involves trade-offs, more fine tuning in the design of policy, and in which it will be more difficult to show impressive results.
Subió la liquidez. El lunes se acreditaron los vencimientos que no se renovaron en la última licitación del Tesoro, lo que implicó una inyección de unos AR$ 4 billones al sistema financiero. Esto empujó las tasas de corto plazo a la baja, con la caución perforando el 25%. También contribuyó la menor demanda estacional de pesos, ya superados los pagos de aguinaldos y vencimientos impositivos. De todos modos, esperamos que se mantenga el sesgo restrictivo de la política monetaria.
During the early months of the economic program, the decline in inflation had an expansionary effect on economic activity. The drop in the inflation tax eased the burden on real incomes, negative interest rates encouraged households to spend, credit grew strongly, and a part of consumption, which was repressed, rebounded in a meaningful way. In that context, the economy outperformed expectations and even allowed for talk of a V-shaped recovery.
Un segundo semestre más picante. El gobierno termina el primer semestre con el dólar controlado cerca del centro de la banda. La segunda mitad del año luce un poco más desafiante. Los dólares del agro van a seguir fluyendo con fuerza hasta finales de julio, pero después esperamos que el tipo de cambio se acomode un poco más arriba. También habrá más demanda por turismo en los meses fuertes del verano europeo y por el ruido electoral. Se confirmó que el Banco Central intervino fuerte en el mercado de futuros en mayo, y no descartamos que siga haciéndolo.
Seeking the waiver. The government has been “passing the hat” in recent days with new debt issuances. Bonte (hard peso) bonds have already contributed around USD 1.5 billion, to which USD 2 billion from the repo were added, bringing gross reserves above USD 40 billion and liquid reserves above USD 20 billion. To meet the IMF target, about USD 2.5 billion is still missing, but at least the government is showing a willingness to move closer, hoping to secure the waiver that would unlock the next USD 2 billion disbursement.
- weekly
The Evolution of the Economic Program: From Unconventional to More Orthodox
Monetary and exchange rate policy has been evolving since Milei took office. Initially, the program included several unconventional elements aimed at rapidly reducing inflation and providing an anchor for inflation. During that phase, interest rates were negative in real terms, the official exchange rate was quasi-fixed, capital controls remained in place, and there were multiple exchange rates. Over time, we transitioned to the current regime, where the anchor is money supply growth, real interest rates are positive, and the exchange rate floats within a band.